Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant naturally found in coffee, tea, and cacao, and added to energy drinks, sodas, and some flavored waters. It is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world.
AAP states there is no safe level of caffeine intake for children. Caffeine is not regulated in beverages in the US (FDA only limits it in cola-type beverages). Even small amounts (25-50mg) can cause anxiety, sleep disruption, tachycardia, and blood pressure elevation in children.
All children under 12. Adolescents consuming energy drinks. Children with anxiety disorders, cardiac conditions, or seizure disorders are at highest risk.
| Country | Status |
|---|---|
| United States | Permitted. FDA limits caffeine in cola beverages to 0.02% (71mg per 12oz) but does not regulate caffeine in non-cola beverages, energy drinks, or products marketed to children. |
| European Union | Products with >150mg/L caffeine must be labeled 'High caffeine content. Not recommended for children or pregnant or breastfeeding women.' |
| Canada | Regulated. Maximum limits set for caffeinated energy drinks. |
| Australia | Permitted with labeling requirements for energy drinks. |