Formaldehyde releasers are preservatives used in cosmetics, shampoos, lotions, and skincare products that slowly release small amounts of formaldehyde to prevent microbial growth. Common examples include DMDM hydantoin, quaternium-15, diazolidinyl urea, and imidazolidinyl urea.
IARC classifies formaldehyde as a Group 1 carcinogen (sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans). Formaldehyde releasers continuously expose users to low levels of this known carcinogen. They are also potent skin sensitizers that cause allergic contact dermatitis.
All users of products containing formaldehyde releasers, particularly children with sensitive or eczema-prone skin, and individuals with existing contact allergies.
| Country | Status |
|---|---|
| United States | Permitted. FDA allows formaldehyde releasers in cosmetics. No specific restrictions for children's products. |
| European Union | Formaldehyde releasers permitted with concentration limits. Products releasing >0.05% free formaldehyde must be labeled 'contains formaldehyde.' Some releasers (e.g., quaternium-15) are restricted. |
| Canada | Permitted with labeling requirements. |
| Australia | Permitted with concentration limits. |