Propylene glycol is a synthetic liquid used as a humectant, solvent, and penetration enhancer in skincare products, toothpaste, and food products. It keeps products moist and helps other ingredients penetrate skin or mucous membranes.
In skincare: propylene glycol enhances skin penetration of other ingredients, which may increase absorption of harmful co-ingredients. It is an irritant for eczema-prone skin. In toothpaste: the oral mucosa is highly absorptive, and propylene glycol is unnecessary in children's formulations when alternatives exist.
Children with eczema or sensitive skin (skincare products). Young children who swallow toothpaste (oral products). Individuals with propylene glycol contact allergy.
| Country | Status |
|---|---|
| United States | Permitted in food (GRAS) and cosmetics. No restrictions for children's products. |
| European Union | Permitted. Restricted in some cosmetic product types. E1520 in food. |
| Canada | Permitted. |
| Australia | Permitted. |